Abstract:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of those digital innovations that can fundamentally change the society including the public sector and its public servants. It may even help shape a new role and give new legitimacy to the public sector and governments in general. AI solutions (e.g. chatbots, process automation, and image recognition software) transform public sector work and the public sector workforce. In our acceptance, AI can save lives and greatly enhance safety by predicting potential risks or looming structural failures. In our day-to-day life, AI can streamline customer experience and create new experiences never imagined. Even if we tend to develop, AI still remains an unknown world. We don’t know by sure what is AI, we don’t know if we have to monitor the AI’s use, we haven't established yet the responsible authority, we are not sure about the opportunities of AI and if these opportunities will be ethically used and proposed in a transparent manner. Information technologies are developed outside of the reaction of the state and faster than the law and legal provisions. Thus, by this article, we aim to identify legal and organizational constraints, which have to be settled in parallel with the development of AI systems.

References:

[1] LARIVIERE, A., Control the future: it’s time for a federal artificial intelligence & robotics commission, 2018. Available at: https://www.georgetowntech.org/blogfulltext /2017/5/3, [Accessed 14 Dec. 2018].

[2] REED, C., How should we regulate artificial intelligence?, 2018, Available at: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2017.0360, [Accessed 15 Dec. 2018].

[3] The English Oxford Living Dictionary. Available at: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/artificial_intelligence, [Accessed 20 Dec. 2018].

[4] Merriam-Webster.com. Available at https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/artificial%20intelligence, [Accessed 15 Jan 2019].

[5] KAPLAN, A. M. & HAENLEIN, M., Siri, Siri in my hand, who is the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence. Business Horizons.

[6] Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - Artificial Intelligence for Europe, Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2018%3A237%3AFIN, [Accessed 14 Dec. 2018].

[7] SLAVIN, K., (2012). How Algorithms Shape Our World. Available at: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/kevin-slavin-how-algorithmsshape-our-world, [Accessed 1 Dec. 2018].

[8] PAGE, L., BRIN, S., MOTWANI, R. & WINOGRAD, T., Bringing Order to the Web, 1999. Available at: http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/, [Accessed 1 Dec. 2018].

[9] TAGESANZEIGER, Computer-Panne legt US-Flugverkehr lahm, Available at: https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/ausland/amerika/ComputerPanne-legt-USFlugverkehr-lahm/story/13800972, [Accessed 1 Dec. 2018].

[10] TALEB, N. N., The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable Fragility. Random House, 2010.

[11] Securities, U., Commission, E., & the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. (2010). Findings Regarding the Market Events of May 6, 2010. Report of the Stas of the CFTC and SEC to the Joint Advisory Committee on Emerging Regulatory Issues, Available at: https://www.sec.gov/news/studies/2010/marketevents-report.pdf, [Accessed 1 Dec. 2018].

[12] The Economist explains, May 29th 2018. Available at: https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2018/05/29/why-ubers-self-driving-car-killed-a-pedestrian, [Accessed 1 Dec. 2018].

[13] AMITAI ETZIONI, OREN ETZIONI, Should Artificial Intelligence Be Regulated?. Available at: https://issues.org/perspective-should-artificial-intelligence-be-regulated/, [Accessed 1 Dec. 2018].